Original article
Micronucleus count in nasal epithelial cells from patients with chronic rhinosinusitis and polyps
Contagem de micronúcleos em células epiteliais nasais de pacientes com rinossinusite crônica e pólipos
Renata Loss Drummond
, Cláudia Ramos Rhoden, José Faibes Lubianca Neto, Alan da Silveira Fleck, Rita Carolina Pozzer Krumenauer Padoin, Sérgio Luis Amantéa
Corresponding author
Irmandade Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Porto Alegre, Hospital Santa Clara, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
Read
6094
Timeswas read the article
2528
Total PDF
3566
Total HTML
Share statistics
array:26 [ "pii" => "S1808869419300564" "issn" => "18088694" "doi" => "10.1016/j.bjorl.2019.05.004" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2020-11-01" "aid" => "787" "copyright" => "Associação Brasileira de Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia Cérvico-Facial" "copyrightAnyo" => "2019" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 1 "licencia" => "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Braz J Otorhinolaryngol. 2020;86:743-7" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 398 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 88 "HTML" => 204 "PDF" => 106 ] ] "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "pt" => array:20 [ "pii" => "S253005392030122X" "issn" => "25300539" "doi" => "10.1016/j.bjorlp.2020.09.007" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2020-11-01" "aid" => "787" "copyright" => "Associação Brasileira de Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia Cérvico-Facial" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 1 "licencia" => "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Braz J Otorhinolaryngol. 2020;86:743-7" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "pt" => array:13 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Artigo original</span>" "titulo" => "Micronucleus count in nasal epithelial cells from patients with chronic rhinosinusitis and polyps" "tienePdf" => "pt" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "pt" "tieneResumen" => array:2 [ 0 => "en" 1 => "pt" ] "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "743" "paginaFinal" => "747" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "pt" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Contagem de micronúcleos em células epiteliais nasais de pacientes com rinossinusite crônica e pólipos" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:2 [ "en" => true "pt" => true ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "pt" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "pt" => true ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figura 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 1006 "Ancho" => 1487 "Tamanyo" => 89290 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "pt" => "<p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Número de micronúcleos (MN) por 1.000 células em células esfoliativas nasais de indivíduos com pólipos nasais; (* <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span> <<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0,001).</p>" ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "Renata Loss Drummond, Cláudia Ramos Rhoden, José Faibes Lubianca Neto, Alan da Silveira Fleck, Rita Carolina Pozzer Krumenauer Padoin, Sérgio Luis Amantéa" "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Renata Loss" "apellidos" => "Drummond" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Cláudia Ramos" "apellidos" => "Rhoden" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "José Faibes" "apellidos" => "Lubianca Neto" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Alan da Silveira" "apellidos" => "Fleck" ] 4 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Rita Carolina Pozzer Krumenauer" "apellidos" => "Padoin" ] 5 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Sérgio Luis" "apellidos" => "Amantéa" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "pt" "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "en" => array:9 [ "pii" => "S1808869419300564" "doi" => "10.1016/j.bjorl.2019.05.004" "estado" => "S300" "subdocumento" => "" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1808869419300564?idApp=UINPBA00005E" ] ] "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S253005392030122X?idApp=UINPBA00005E" "url" => "/25300539/0000008600000006/v6_202106220828/S253005392030122X/v6_202106220828/pt/main.assets" ] ] "itemSiguiente" => array:20 [ "pii" => "S1808869419300618" "issn" => "18088694" "doi" => "10.1016/j.bjorl.2019.05.007" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2020-11-01" "aid" => "792" "copyright" => "Associação Brasileira de Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia Cérvico-Facial" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 1 "licencia" => "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Braz J Otorhinolaryngol. 2020;86:748-62" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 344 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 83 "HTML" => 162 "PDF" => 99 ] ] "en" => array:13 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original article</span>" "titulo" => "Development and validation of the protocol for the evaluation of voice in patients with hearing impairment (PEV-SHI)" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "tieneResumen" => array:2 [ 0 => "en" 1 => "pt" ] "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "748" "paginaFinal" => "762" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "pt" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Desenvolvimento e validação do protocolo de avaliação da voz do deficiente auditivo (PAV-DA)" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:2 [ "en" => true "pt" => true ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:8 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 4333 "Ancho" => 1512 "Tamanyo" => 481917 ] ] "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at0005" "detalle" => "Figure " "rol" => "short" ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Cutoff values of the PEV-SHI in the VAS (VN, normal variability; MI, mild; MO, moderate; IN, intense).</p>" ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "Ana Cristina Coelho, Alcione Ghedini Brasolotto, Fayez Bahmad" "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Ana Cristina" "apellidos" => "Coelho" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Alcione Ghedini" "apellidos" => "Brasolotto" ] 2 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Fayez" "apellidos" => "Bahmad" "sufijo" => "Jr." ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "pt" => array:9 [ "pii" => "S2530053920301279" "doi" => "10.1016/j.bjorlp.2020.09.012" "estado" => "S300" "subdocumento" => "" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "idiomaDefecto" => "pt" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2530053920301279?idApp=UINPBA00005E" ] ] "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1808869419300618?idApp=UINPBA00005E" "url" => "/18088694/0000008600000006/v5_202106200643/S1808869419300618/v5_202106200643/en/main.assets" ] "itemAnterior" => array:20 [ "pii" => "S1808869419300552" "issn" => "18088694" "doi" => "10.1016/j.bjorl.2019.05.003" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2020-11-01" "aid" => "786" "copyright" => "Associação Brasileira de Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia Cérvico-Facial" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 1 "licencia" => "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Braz J Otorhinolaryngol. 2020;86:734-42" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 551 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 80 "HTML" => 220 "PDF" => 251 ] ] "en" => array:13 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original article</span>" "titulo" => "Clinical randomized trial study of hearing aids effectiveness in association with <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Ginkgo biloba</span> extract (EGb 761) on tinnitus improvement" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "tieneResumen" => array:2 [ 0 => "en" 1 => "pt" ] "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "734" "paginaFinal" => "742" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "pt" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Estudo clínico randomizado da eficácia da prótese auditiva associada ao extrato de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Ginkgo biloba</span> (EGb 761) na melhoria do zumbido" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:2 [ "en" => true "pt" => true ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:8 [ "identificador" => "fig0010" "etiqueta" => "Figure 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg" "Alto" => 525 "Ancho" => 1304 "Tamanyo" => 35362 ] ] "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at0010" "detalle" => "Figure " "rol" => "short" ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Pearson’s correlation of the scores obtained by the THI and VAS methodological instruments in the pre-treatment (A) of all the research volunteers (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span> = 0.6785; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span> < 0.0001) and in the posttreatment (B) of all volunteers; (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span> = 0.7519, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span> < 0.0001).</p>" ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "Camila L. Radunz, Cristina E. Okuyama, Fátima C.A. Branco-Barreiro, Regina M.S. Pereira, Susana N. Diniz" "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Camila L." "apellidos" => "Radunz" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Cristina E." "apellidos" => "Okuyama" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Fátima C.A." "apellidos" => "Branco-Barreiro" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Regina M.S." "apellidos" => "Pereira" ] 4 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Susana N." "apellidos" => "Diniz" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "pt" => array:9 [ "pii" => "S2530053920301218" "doi" => "10.1016/j.bjorlp.2020.09.006" "estado" => "S300" "subdocumento" => "" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "idiomaDefecto" => "pt" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2530053920301218?idApp=UINPBA00005E" ] ] "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1808869419300552?idApp=UINPBA00005E" "url" => "/18088694/0000008600000006/v5_202106200643/S1808869419300552/v5_202106200643/en/main.assets" ] "asociados" => array:1 [ 0 => array:20 [ "pii" => "S1808869419301521" "issn" => "18088694" "doi" => "10.1016/j.bjorl.2019.11.004" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2020-03-01" "aid" => "857" "copyright" => "Associação Brasileira de Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia Cérvico-Facial" "documento" => "simple-article" "crossmark" => 1 "licencia" => "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" "subdocumento" => "cor" "cita" => "Braz J Otorhinolaryngol. 2020;86:268-9" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 110 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 21 "HTML" => 49 "PDF" => 40 ] ] "en" => array:10 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Letter to the editor</span>" "titulo" => "Evaluation of cytogenetic damage in exfoliated nasal epithelial cells contributes to a better understanding of the pathogenesis of rhinosinusitis" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "268" "paginaFinal" => "269" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "pt" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Avaliação do dano citogenético em células esfoliadas nasais contribui para uma melhor compreensão da patogênese da rinossinusite" ] ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "Ana Carolina Flygare Souza, Carla Máximo Prado, Daniel Araki Ribeiro" "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Ana Carolina Flygare" "apellidos" => "Souza" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Carla Máximo" "apellidos" => "Prado" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Daniel Araki" "apellidos" => "Ribeiro" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "pt" => array:9 [ "pii" => "S2530053920300018" "doi" => "10.1016/j.bjorlp.2019.11.004" "estado" => "S300" "subdocumento" => "" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "idiomaDefecto" => "pt" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2530053920300018?idApp=UINPBA00005E" ] ] "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1808869419301521?idApp=UINPBA00005E" "url" => "/18088694/0000008600000002/v2_202003290956/S1808869419301521/v2_202003290956/en/main.assets" ] ] "en" => array:20 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original article</span>" "titulo" => "Micronucleus count in nasal epithelial cells from patients with chronic rhinosinusitis and polyps" "tieneTextoCompleto" => true "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "743" "paginaFinal" => "747" ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "autoresLista" => "Renata Loss Drummond, Cláudia Ramos Rhoden, José Faibes Lubianca Neto, Alan da Silveira Fleck, Rita Carolina Pozzer Krumenauer Padoin, Sérgio Luis Amantéa" "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "Renata Loss" "apellidos" => "Drummond" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "renatald.rld@gmail.com" ] "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "*" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Cláudia Ramos" "apellidos" => "Rhoden" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "José Faibes" "apellidos" => "Lubianca Neto" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Alan da Silveira" "apellidos" => "Fleck" ] 4 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Rita Carolina Pozzer Krumenauer" "apellidos" => "Padoin" ] 5 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Sérgio Luis" "apellidos" => "Amantéa" ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "entidad" => "Irmandade Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Porto Alegre, Hospital Santa Clara, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "pt" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Contagem de micronúcleos em células epiteliais nasais de pacientes com rinossinusite crônica e pólipos" ] ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:8 [ "identificador" => "fig0010" "etiqueta" => "Figure 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg" "Alto" => 569 "Ancho" => 905 "Tamanyo" => 36602 ] ] "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at0010" "detalle" => "Figure " "rol" => "short" ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Micronuclei (left arrow) and normal nucleus (right arrow) in oral exfoliated epithelial cells (×400).</p>" ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps (CRSwNP) is characterized by persistent (12 weeks or more) symptomatic inflammation of the nasal mucosa and paranasal sinuses, with development of nasal polyps.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> The worldwide prevalence of CRSwNP has been estimated to range from 2 to 5%.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2,3</span></a> In some patients, CRSwNP is associated with a major decline in quality of life, comparable to that resulting from rheumatoid arthritis and diabetes mellitus.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A multifactorial etiology has been established for CRSwNP, possibly involving a dysfunctional host response to environmental factors as well as genetic and epigenetic contributions to increased individual susceptibility.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> Adequate clinical and/or surgical management of CRSwNP is known to improve quality of life significantly.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> However, for unknown reasons, in some patients CRSwNP is refractory to treatment, leading to persistence of symptoms and recurrence that is difficult to manage. Until the present moment, no laboratory resources are available to distinguish between different types of abnormalities or establish the prognosis of patients with CRSwNP.</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In some respiratory disorders, such as asthma and acute viral bronchiolitis,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> Micronuclei (MN) have been identified as useful markers of cell damage. MN are capable of signaling events associated with cellular and molecular genotoxicity, providing support for a better understanding of etiology and pathogenesis, and consequently for the establishment of prevention strategies.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> Thus, the identification of MN in exfoliative cells of individuals with CRSwNP may be a useful tool to shed light on the mechanisms underlying CRSwNP.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a></p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The objective of the present study was to investigate the association between frequency of MN in exfoliated cells from the nasal cavity of patients with CRSwNP and disease severity.</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Methods</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A controlled cross-sectional study was carried out at the Otorhinolaryngology Clinic at Santa Casa de Porto Alegre. Using a consecutive sampling technique, we selected patients aged ≥18 years, with clinical diagnosis of CRSwNP, who had a medical appointment at the Otorhinolaryngology Service in July and August of 2015. Current smokers and patients with active infections were excluded.</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A control group was chosen by convenience sampling at the hospital's surgical ward staff and relatives/individuals accompanying surgical patients were invited to participate. The same exclusion criteria used for patients were applied to the control group. In addition, those with active upper airway disease were also excluded. Individuals aged ≥18 years who agreed to participate in the study were included in the control group.</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">All participants provided written informed consent prior to the start of the study. The protocol was approved by the Research Ethics Committee at Santa Casa de Porto Alegre (8064/2015).</p><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Study protocol</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Following medical interview and ENT examination, patients with evidence of CRSwNP were invited to join the study. Those who agreed to participate signed the informed consent form and answered a standardized health questionnaire, which was administered to all participants by one of the investigators (RLD), who also harvested exfoliative nasal mucosa cells for MN count. Exfoliate cells were collected with the patient in the seated position.</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The procedure of specimen collection and analysis was based on the protocol described by Thomas et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> Briefly, specimens were collected from the middle meatus using a cytobrush and stored at 4 °C in Methacarn solution (methanol 3:1 acetic acid) for fixation (no longer than 14 days). In the laboratory, the microtubes were centrifuged for 5 min at 19 °C and 1000 RPM. After each centrifugation step, the specimens were rinsed three times and resuspended. After the last centrifugation step, 0.5 mL cell suspension aliquots were transferred to slides (two slides per individual) for staining.</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The slides were sequentially stained: ethanol 50% for 1 min followed by ethanol 20% for 1 min and rinsing with distilled water for 2 min. The specimens were then immersed in 5 M HCl solution (40 mL HCI and 60 mL distilled water), rinsed with distilled water for 2 min and stained with Schiff's reagent for 80 min in a dark environment. After this period, the samples were rinsed with running tap water for 5 min and with distilled water for 1 min, followed by counterstaining with 0.2% fast green solution for 2 min. Finally, the samples were rinsed with distilled water for 2 min.</p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Specimens were analyzed using an optical microscope at 400× magnification. Only basal and differentiated cells were considered for analysis. The number of micronuclei was counted in 1000 cells per slide. The results were expressed as mean ± standard deviation. Normality of distribution was confirmed by the Shapiro–Wilk test. Student's <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">t</span> test was used for comparison of means, and the association between the variables was determined by the Chi-square test. A level of significance of 95% (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span> < 0.05) was adopted. The analyses were performed in SigmaPlot™ (version 13, 2012).</p></span></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Results</span><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The sample included 40 participants, distributed into two groups according to the presence of polyps: 21 patients with polyps and 19 control patients without polyps. There were no differences between the groups regarding demographic aspects, except for age, which was higher in patients with CRSwNP (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>). Because Samter's triad (also known as Widal syndrome or aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease, AERD) has been linked to a poor prognosis for sinus disease (1), we tested the association between MN count and AERD. MN was not increased in patients with AERD (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span> = 0.310). There was also no association between nasal surgery in the previous 5 years and MN count (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span> = 0.251).</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">MN count was approximately three times higher in exfoliative cells of patients with polyps vs. controls: 3.690 ± 2.165 MN per 1000 cells vs. 1.237 ± 0.806 MN per 1000 cells respectively (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span> < 0.001) (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>). <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig. 2</a> shows a photomicrograph of MN in nasal exfoliated cells.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Discussion</span><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">MN count in nasal mucosa cells obtained from carriers of CRSwNP and controls by an exfoliative technique was feasible, simple, and safe. The collection of exfoliative cells allows direct assessment of the target organ;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> for that reason, it has been used in studies focusing on a variety of diseases.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a> MN have long been considered as carcinogenic biomarkers. In the past decades, MN have also been used as biomarkers of chromosomal damage, genomic instability, and risk of câncer.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a> More recently, MN have been used to evaluate nasal mucosa damage, through the investigation of tissue genotoxicity in environmental monitoring studies.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a></p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In the present study, the difference between participants with and without polyps in MN count – which was approximately three times higher in individuals with polyps – suggests cellular damage (genotoxicity) in carriers of CRSwNP. There have been no studies so far evaluating MN count in patients with nasal polyposis; nevertheless, other types of cell damage have been associated with nasal polyps.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15,16</span></a> Also, the present findings converge with data described in the literature for other diseases in which a higher MN count has been reported in the target cells of diseased patients as compared to disease-free controls.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> Mandard et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a> found an MN count that was twice as high in the oral mucosa of digestive tract patients vs. controls. Chakrabarti and Dutta<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a> reported an increase in MN count that was proportional to the degree of malignancy detected in routine cervical smears. Herrström et al. observed increased MN count in blood samples of asthmatic youth.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a> Recent studies also show that MN count is useful for biomonitoring of various disease stages, including genotoxicity screening, detection of malignancies, paraneoplastic disease, and effects of radiotherapy.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> However, some authors point to the need of establishing normal MN count thresholds in different tissues,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a> which would facilitate standardization and comparison of results across studies worldwide.</p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We were unable to determine a correlation between the factors considered to have a negative impact on prognosis, such as AERD and surgery in the past 5 years, with increased MN count in exfoliative samples. We believe that this is a consequence of the small sample size, since previous authors have reported that MN count varies in different stages of disease, with a decrease in MN count in bladder cells after treatment of schistosomiasis<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a> as well as after the use of DNA-protective agents such as beta-carotene and vitamin A.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a></p><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Our study has some limitations, such as small sample size. The inability to determine differences between the groups, especially regarding prognostic factors, may have resulted from low sample power, leading to type II error. Also, the age difference between patients with polyps and controls may have introduced some bias. Nevertheless, both groups included patients with the same biological status, most of which were adults or older adults.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0115"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a> Recent studies<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0120"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24,25</span></a> have suggested that MN count is increased in older adults. Conversely, investigators such as Calderon-Garciduenas et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0130"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26</span></a> have not observed differences in MN count associated with age. Thus, larger studies may contribute to clarify the role of age in MN prevalence.</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0100">Conclusion</span><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In conclusion, MN count in exfoliative nasal mucosa cells from patients with CRSwNP was feasible, simple, and safe. This technique does not require sophisticated laboratory resources, and can be easily performed in both experimental and clinical settings. We believe that the increased MN count found in our patients with CRSwNP provides a new perspective for the evaluation of this disorder, whose pathophysiology has not yet been fully understood.</p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0105">Funding</span><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Approved at Santa Casa de Porto Alegre Ethics Committee (CEP-ISCMPA) — n° 8064/2015.</p></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0110">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare no conflicts of interest.</p></span></span>" "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:12 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres1529152" "titulo" => "Abstract" "secciones" => array:5 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" "titulo" => "Introduction" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" "titulo" => "Objective" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0015" "titulo" => "Methods" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0020" "titulo" => "Results" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0025" "titulo" => "Conclusion" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1386215" "titulo" => "Keywords" ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres1529153" "titulo" => "Resumo" "secciones" => array:5 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0030" "titulo" => "Introdução" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0035" "titulo" => "Objetivo" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0040" "titulo" => "Método" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0045" "titulo" => "Resultados" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0050" "titulo" => "Conclusão" ] ] ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1386214" "titulo" => "PALAVRAS-CHAVE" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Introduction" ] 5 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "sec0010" "titulo" => "Methods" "secciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0015" "titulo" => "Study protocol" ] ] ] 6 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0020" "titulo" => "Results" ] 7 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0025" "titulo" => "Discussion" ] 8 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0030" "titulo" => "Conclusion" ] 9 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0035" "titulo" => "Funding" ] 10 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0040" "titulo" => "Conflicts of interest" ] 11 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2019-01-21" "fechaAceptado" => "2019-05-21" "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Keywords" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1386215" "palabras" => array:4 [ 0 => "Micronucleus tests" 1 => "Nasal polyps" 2 => "Sinusitis" 3 => "Inflammation" ] ] ] "pt" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "PALAVRAS-CHAVE" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1386214" "palabras" => array:4 [ 0 => "Teste micronúcleo" 1 => "Pólipos nasais" 2 => "Sinusite" 3 => "Inflamação" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "en" => array:3 [ "titulo" => "Abstract" "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Introduction</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps, a prevalent disease affecting around 2% of the world population, is characterized by symptomatic inflammation of the nasal mucosa and impairment of quality of life. Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps has a multifactorial etiology, involving a dysfunctional host response to environmental factors. Thus, inflammatory models may be useful to shed light on the pathophysiology of this disease. Micronucleus count has been used to screen DNA damage in various tissues.</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Objective</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">To investigate the association between frequency of micronucleus in exfoliated cells from the nasal cavity of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps and disease severity.</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Methods</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">This cross-sectional study included 21 patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps and 19 controls without disease. None of the participants were smokers.</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Results</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Mean micronucleus count was 3.690 per 1000 cells (±2.165) in individuals with vs. 1.237 per 1000 cells (±0.806) in controls; (Student's <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">t</span> test = 4.653, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span> < 0.001). Nasal surgery in the past 5 years and aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease were not associated with nicronucleus count (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span> = 0.251).</p></span> <span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0030">Conclusion</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Micronucleus count seems to be linked to chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps, providing a new perspective for the evaluation of this disorder.</p></span>" "secciones" => array:5 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" "titulo" => "Introduction" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" "titulo" => "Objective" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0015" "titulo" => "Methods" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0020" "titulo" => "Results" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0025" "titulo" => "Conclusion" ] ] ] "pt" => array:3 [ "titulo" => "Resumo" "resumen" => "<span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Introdução</span><p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A rinossinusite crônica com pólipos nasais, doença prevalente que afeta cerca de 2% da população mundial, é caracterizada por inflamação sintomática da mucosa nasal e comprometimento da qualidade de vida. A rinossinusite crônica com pólipos nasais tem etiologia multifatorial, envolvendo resposta disfuncional do hospedeiro a fatores ambientais. Assim, modelos inflamatórios podem ser úteis para esclarecer a fisiopatologia dessa doença. A contagem de micronúcleos tem sido usada para rastrear danos no DNA em vários tecidos.</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Objetivo</span><p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Investigar a associação entre a frequência de micronúcleos em células esfoliadas da cavidade nasal de pacientes com rinossinusite crônica com pólipos nasais e a gravidade da doença.</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Método</span><p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Estudo transversal que incluiu 21 pacientes com rinossinusite crônica com pólipos nasais e 19 controles sem doença. Nenhum dos participantes eram fumantes.</p></span> <span id="abst0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0055">Resultados</span><p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A contagem média de micronúcleos foi de 3,690 por 1.000 células (±2,165) nos indivíduos doentes e 1,237 por 1.000 células (±0,806) nos controles (Teste <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">t</span> de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Student</span> = 4,653; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span> < 0,001). A cirurgia nasal nos últimos 5 anos e a doença respiratória exacerbada por aspirina não foram associadas à contagem de micronúcleos (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span> = 0,251).</p></span> <span id="abst0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0060">Conclusão</span><p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A contagem de micronúcleos parece estar ligada à rinossinusite crônica com pólipos nasais, proporcionando uma nova perspectiva para a avaliação dessa doença.</p></span>" "secciones" => array:5 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0030" "titulo" => "Introdução" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0035" "titulo" => "Objetivo" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0040" "titulo" => "Método" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0045" "titulo" => "Resultados" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0050" "titulo" => "Conclusão" ] ] ] ] "NotaPie" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "☆" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar1001">Please cite this article as: Drummond RL, Rhoden CR, Lubianca Neto JF, Fleck AS, Padoin RC, Amantéa SL. Micronucleus count in nasal epithelial cells from patients with chronic rhinosinusitis and polyps. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol. 2020;86:743–7.</p>" ] 1 => array:1 [ "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Peer Review under the responsibility of Associação Brasileira de Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia Cérvico-Facial.</p>" ] 2 => array:1 [ "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar9025">Peer Review under the responsibility of Associação Brasileira de Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia Cérvico-Facial.</p>" ] ] "multimedia" => array:3 [ 0 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 923 "Ancho" => 1365 "Tamanyo" => 84788 ] ] "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at0005" "detalle" => "Figure " "rol" => "short" ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Number of micronuclei (MN) per 1000 cells in nasal exfoliative material of individuals with nasal polyps; (*<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span> < 0.001).</p>" ] ] 1 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "fig0010" "etiqueta" => "Figure 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg" "Alto" => 569 "Ancho" => 905 "Tamanyo" => 36602 ] ] "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at0010" "detalle" => "Figure " "rol" => "short" ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Micronuclei (left arrow) and normal nucleus (right arrow) in oral exfoliated epithelial cells (×400).</p>" ] ] 2 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0005" "etiqueta" => "Table 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at0015" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:2 [ "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">With polyps (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> = 21) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Control (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> = 19) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Age (years ± DP) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">52.57 ± 9.79 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">41.05 ± 11.93 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.002<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Sex \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Male \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">10 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.763<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span></a></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Female \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">11 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">10 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Rhinitis \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">14 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">13 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.826<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Asthma \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.921<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Alcohol abuse \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1.000<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Previous sinus surgery <5 years \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0,251<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab2628318.png" ] ] ] "notaPie" => array:3 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "tblfn0005" "etiqueta" => "a" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0805">Student's t test.</p>" ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "tblfn0010" "etiqueta" => "b" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0010">Chi-square test.</p>" ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "tblfn0015" "etiqueta" => "c" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0015">Fisher's exact test.</p>" ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Characteristics of individuals with and without nasal polyps (controls).</p>" ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0005" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:26 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0005" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "European position paper on rhinosinusitis and nasal polyposis (EPPOS)" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "W.J. Fokkens" 1 => "V.J. Lund" 2 => "J. Mullol" 3 => "C. Bachert" 4 => "I. Alobid" 5 => "F. Baroody" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Rhinol Supl" "fecha" => "2012" "volumen" => "23" "paginaInicial" => "1" "paginaFinal" => "329" ] ] ] ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0010" "etiqueta" => "2" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Prevalence of nasal polyposis in France: a cross-sectional, case-control study" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "J.M. Klossek" 1 => "F. Neukirch" 2 => "C. Pribil" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1111/j.1398-9995.2005.00688.x" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Allergy" "fecha" => "2005" "volumen" => "60" "paginaInicial" => "233" "paginaFinal" => "237" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15647046" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0015" "etiqueta" => "3" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "ICON: chronic rhinosinusitis. Consensus document" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "C. Bachert" 1 => "R. Pawankar" 2 => "L. Zhang" 3 => "C. Bunnag" 4 => "W.J. Fokkens" 5 => "D.L. Hamilos" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1186/1939-4551-7-1" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "World Allergy Organ J" "fecha" => "2014" "volumen" => "7" "paginaInicial" => "1" "paginaFinal" => "28" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24383710" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0020" "etiqueta" => "4" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Diretrizes Brasileiras de Rinossinusite" ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Rev Bras Otorrinolaringol" "fecha" => "2008" "volumen" => "74" "paginaInicial" => "1" "paginaFinal" => "52" ] ] ] ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0025" "etiqueta" => "5" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Perspectives on the etiology of chronic rhinosinusitis: an immune barrier hypothesis" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "R.C. Kern" 1 => "D.B. Conley" 2 => "W. Walsh" 3 => "R. Chandra" 4 => "A. Kato" 5 => "A. Tripathi-Peters" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.2500/ajr.2008.22.3228" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Am J Rhinol" "fecha" => "2008" "volumen" => "22" "paginaInicial" => "549" "paginaFinal" => "559" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18786300" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 5 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0030" "etiqueta" => "6" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Quality of life outcomes after functional endoscopic sinus surgery for nasal polyposis" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "C. Adnane" 1 => "T. Adouly" 2 => "A. Zouak" 3 => "M. Mahtar" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.amjoto.2014.09.003" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Am J Otolaryngol" "fecha" => "2015" "volumen" => "36" "paginaInicial" => "47" "paginaFinal" => "51" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25456510" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 6 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0035" "etiqueta" => "7" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Nuclear abnormalities in cell from nasal ephitelium: a promising assay to evaluate DNA damage related to air pollution in infants" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "M. Mergener" 1 => "S.L. Amantea" 2 => "C.R. Rhoden" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Pediatr (Rio J)" "fecha" => "2014" "volumen" => "90" "paginaInicial" => "632" "paginaFinal" => "636" ] ] ] ] ] ] 7 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0040" "etiqueta" => "8" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Micronuclei in peripheral blood lymphocytes as a possible cancer risk biomarker: a cohort study of occupationally exposed workers in Croatia" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "A. Znaor" 1 => "A. Fucic" 2 => "M. Strnad" 3 => "D. Barković" 4 => "M. Skara" 5 => "I. Hozo" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Croat Med J" "fecha" => "2003" "volumen" => "44" "paginaInicial" => "441" "paginaFinal" => "446" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12950148" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 8 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0045" "etiqueta" => "9" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "The relationship between atopy and chronic rhinosinusitis" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "S. Robinson" 1 => "R. Douglas" 2 => "P.J. Wormald" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.2500/ajr.2006.20.2907" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Am J Rhinol" "fecha" => "2006" "volumen" => "20" "paginaInicial" => "625" "paginaFinal" => "628" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17181106" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 9 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0050" "etiqueta" => "10" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Buccal micronucleus cytome assay" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "P. Thomas" 1 => "N. Holland" 2 => "C. Bolognesi" 3 => "M. Kirsch-Volders" 4 => "S. Bonassi" 5 => "E. Zeiger" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1038/nprot.2009.53" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Nat Protoc" "fecha" => "2009" "volumen" => "4" "paginaInicial" => "825" "paginaFinal" => "837" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19444240" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 10 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0055" "etiqueta" => "11" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Use of the micronucleus assay with exfoliated epithelial cells as a biomarker for monitoring individuals at elevated risk of genetic damage and in chemoprevention trials" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "B.J. Majer" 1 => "B. Laky" 2 => "S. Knasmüller" 3 => "F. Kassie" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/s1383-5742(01)00068-0" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Mutat Res" "fecha" => "2001" "volumen" => "489" "paginaInicial" => "147" "paginaFinal" => "172" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11741033" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 11 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0060" "etiqueta" => "12" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Human population studies with the exfoliated buccal micronucleus assay: statistical and epidemiological issues" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "M. Ceppi" 1 => "B. Biasotti" 2 => "M. Fenech" 3 => "S. Bonassi" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.mrrev.2009.11.001" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Mutat Res" "fecha" => "2010" "volumen" => "705" "paginaInicial" => "11" "paginaFinal" => "19" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19932192" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 12 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0065" "etiqueta" => "13" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Micronuclei frequency in peripheral blood lymphocytes of cancer patients: a meta-analysis" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "G. Iarmarcovai" 1 => "M. Ceppi" 2 => "A. Botta" 3 => "T. Orsière" 4 => "S. Bonassi" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.mrrev.2008.05.006" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Mutat Res." "fecha" => "2008" "volumen" => "659" "paginaInicial" => "274" "paginaFinal" => "283" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18582599" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 13 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0070" "etiqueta" => "14" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "The micronucleus assay in human buccal cells as a tool for biomonitoring DNA damage: the HUMN project perspective on current status and knowledge gaps" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "N. Holland" 1 => "C. Bolognesi" 2 => "M. Kirsch-Volders" 3 => "S. Bonassi" 4 => "E. Zeiger" 5 => "S. Knasmueller" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.mrrev.2008.03.007" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Mutat Res" "fecha" => "2008" "volumen" => "659" "paginaInicial" => "93" "paginaFinal" => "108" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18514568" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 14 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0075" "etiqueta" => "15" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Expression of apoptosis mediators p53 and caspase 3, 7, and 9 in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "D.S. Kupper" 1 => "F.C.P. Valera" 2 => "R. Malinsk" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.2500/ajra.2014.28.4085" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Am J Rhinol Allergy" "fecha" => "2014" "volumen" => "28" "paginaInicial" => "187" "paginaFinal" => "191" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25198016" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 15 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0080" "etiqueta" => "16" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Oxidative stress and nasal polyposis: does it affect the severity of the disease?" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "O. Topal" 1 => "S. Kulaksızoglu" 2 => "S.S. Erbek" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.2500/ajra.2014.28.3963" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Am J Rhinol Allergy" "fecha" => "2014" "volumen" => "28" "paginaInicial" => "e1" "paginaFinal" => "e4" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24717866" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 16 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0085" "etiqueta" => "17" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Analysis of the results of the micronucleus test in patients presenting upper digestive tract cancers and in non-cancerous subjects" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "A.M. Mandard" 1 => "F. Duigou" 2 => "J. Marnay" 3 => "P. Masson" 4 => "S.L. Qiu" 5 => "J.S. Yi" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1002/ijc.2910390405" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Int J Cancer" "fecha" => "1987" "volumen" => "39" "paginaInicial" => "442" "paginaFinal" => "444" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3557703" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 17 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0090" "etiqueta" => "18" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Micronuclei test in routine smears from uterine cervix" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "R.N. Chakrabarti" 1 => "K. Dutta" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Eur J Gynaecol Oncol" "fecha" => "1988" "volumen" => "9" "paginaInicial" => "370" "paginaFinal" => "372" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3224608" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 18 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0095" "etiqueta" => "19" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Micronuclei in lymphocyte subsets in relation to immune proteins and allergic disease" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "P. Herrström" 1 => "I. Bratt" 2 => "A. Holmén" 3 => "B. Högstedt" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/s0027-5107(98)00125-0" "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "Mutat Res" "fecha" => "1998" "volumen" => "405" "paginaInicial" => "35" "paginaFinal" => "40" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9729260" "web" => "Medline" ] ] "itemHostRev" => array:3 [ "pii" => "S0883944115004335" "estado" => "S300" "issn" => "08839441" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 19 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0100" "etiqueta" => "20" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Micronucleus in atypical squamous cell of undetermined significance" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "S. Samanta" 1 => "P. Dey" 2 => "N. Gupta" 3 => "K.S. Mouleeswaran" 4 => "R. Nijhawan" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1002/dc.21368" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Diagn Cytopathol" "fecha" => "2011" "volumen" => "39" "paginaInicial" => "242" "paginaFinal" => "244" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21416636" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 20 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0105" "etiqueta" => "21" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Inflammation and cancer: role of phagocyte-generated oxidants in carcinogenesis" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "S.A. Weitzman" 1 => "L.I. Gordon" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Blood." "fecha" => "1990" "volumen" => "76" "paginaInicial" => "655" "paginaFinal" => "663" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2200535" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 21 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0110" "etiqueta" => "22" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Remission of oral leukoplakias and micronuclei in tobacco/betel quid chewers treated with beta-carotene and with beta-carotene plus vitamin A" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "H.F. Stich" 1 => "M.P. Rosin" 2 => "A.P. Hornby" 3 => "B. Mathew" 4 => "R. Sankaranarayanan" 5 => "M.K. Nair" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1002/ijc.2910420209" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Int J Cancer" "fecha" => "1988" "volumen" => "42" "paginaInicial" => "195" "paginaFinal" => "219" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3403064" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 22 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0115" "etiqueta" => "23" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Active aging — a police framework" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "WHO" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Libro" => array:1 [ "fecha" => "2002" ] ] ] ] ] ] 23 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0120" "etiqueta" => "24" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Biology of oral mucosa and esophagus" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "C.A. Squier" 1 => "M.J. Kremer" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr" "fecha" => "2001" "volumen" => "29" "paginaInicial" => "7" "paginaFinal" => "15" ] ] ] ] ] ] 24 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0125" "etiqueta" => "25" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Spontaneous and spindle poison-induced micronuclei and chromosome nondisjunction in cytokinesis-blocked lymphocytes from two age groups of women" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "K. Bakou" 1 => "G. Stephanou" 2 => "C. Andrianopoulos" 3 => "N.A. Demopoulos" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1093/mutage/17.3.233" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Mutagenesis" "fecha" => "2002" "volumen" => "17" "paginaInicial" => "233" "paginaFinal" => "239" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11971995" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 25 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0130" "etiqueta" => "26" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "8-Hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine, a major mutagenic oxidative DNA lesion, and DNA strand breaks in nasal respiratory epithelium of children exposed to urban pollution" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "L. Calderon-Garciduenas" 1 => "L. Wen-Wang" 2 => "Y.J. Zhang" 3 => "A. Rodriguez-Alcaraz" 4 => "A. Villarreal-Calderón" 5 => "A. Villarreal-Calderón" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1289/ehp.99107s3469" "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "Environ Health Perspect" "fecha" => "1999" "volumen" => "107" "paginaInicial" => "469" "paginaFinal" => "474" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10423389" "web" => "Medline" ] ] "itemHostRev" => array:3 [ "pii" => "S0140673619329897" "estado" => "S300" "issn" => "01406736" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "url" => "/18088694/0000008600000006/v5_202106200643/S1808869419300564/v5_202106200643/en/main.assets" "Apartado" => array:4 [ "identificador" => "25908" "tipo" => "SECCION" "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Original articles" "idiomaDefecto" => true ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" ] "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/18088694/0000008600000006/v5_202106200643/S1808869419300564/v5_202106200643/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00005E&text.app=https://www.bjorl.org/" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1808869419300564?idApp=UINPBA00005E" ]
| Year/Month | Html | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 October | 68 | 23 | 91 |
| 2024 September | 39 | 29 | 68 |
| 2024 August | 48 | 27 | 75 |
| 2024 July | 63 | 44 | 107 |
| 2024 June | 54 | 44 | 98 |
| 2024 May | 58 | 45 | 103 |
| 2024 April | 65 | 33 | 98 |
| 2024 March | 59 | 31 | 90 |
| 2024 February | 39 | 35 | 74 |
| 2024 January | 49 | 39 | 88 |
| 2023 December | 78 | 31 | 109 |
| 2023 November | 52 | 56 | 108 |
| 2023 October | 58 | 72 | 130 |
| 2023 September | 57 | 63 | 120 |
| 2023 August | 28 | 18 | 46 |
| 2023 July | 52 | 26 | 78 |
| 2023 June | 55 | 17 | 72 |
| 2023 May | 52 | 27 | 79 |
| 2023 April | 51 | 19 | 70 |
| 2023 March | 102 | 50 | 152 |
| 2023 February | 37 | 24 | 61 |
| 2023 January | 37 | 24 | 61 |
| 2022 December | 111 | 44 | 155 |
| 2022 November | 99 | 41 | 140 |
| 2022 October | 115 | 80 | 195 |
| 2022 September | 102 | 71 | 173 |
| 2022 August | 71 | 63 | 134 |
| 2022 July | 65 | 52 | 117 |
| 2022 June | 51 | 51 | 102 |
| 2022 May | 57 | 40 | 97 |
| 2022 April | 47 | 49 | 96 |
| 2022 March | 145 | 78 | 223 |
| 2022 February | 39 | 40 | 79 |
| 2022 January | 53 | 55 | 108 |
| 2021 December | 68 | 56 | 124 |
| 2021 November | 89 | 53 | 142 |
| 2021 October | 98 | 60 | 158 |
| 2021 September | 40 | 53 | 93 |
| 2021 August | 40 | 35 | 75 |
| 2021 July | 29 | 44 | 73 |
| 2021 June | 38 | 42 | 80 |
| 2021 May | 50 | 52 | 102 |
| 2021 April | 91 | 94 | 185 |
| 2021 March | 84 | 66 | 150 |
| 2021 February | 74 | 51 | 125 |
| 2021 January | 81 | 44 | 125 |
| 2020 December | 102 | 46 | 148 |
| 2020 November | 112 | 49 | 161 |
| 2020 October | 29 | 35 | 64 |
| 2020 September | 25 | 25 | 50 |
| 2020 August | 21 | 24 | 45 |
| 2020 July | 26 | 28 | 54 |
| 2020 June | 20 | 21 | 41 |
| 2020 May | 29 | 36 | 65 |
| 2020 April | 30 | 30 | 60 |
| 2020 March | 19 | 20 | 39 |
| 2020 February | 19 | 21 | 40 |
| 2020 January | 20 | 18 | 38 |
| 2019 December | 17 | 17 | 34 |
| 2019 November | 10 | 10 | 20 |
| 2019 October | 13 | 6 | 19 |
| 2019 September | 32 | 8 | 40 |
| 2019 August | 48 | 8 | 56 |
| 2019 July | 37 | 16 | 53 |
| 2019 June | 19 | 19 | 38 |
Show all
