Combination therapy enhances hearing recovery in severe-profound SSNHL.

Improves pure-tone average gain and speech discrimination ability.

Early treatment initiation leads to superior auditory outcomes.

Evidence limited by study heterogeneity and moderate risk of bias.

Large, randomized trials are required to confirm clinical benefit.

Consensus-based guidance for urgent/emergency tracheostomy in head and neck cancer.

Clinical, endoscopic, and contextual criteria guide airway decision-making.

Early airway “window of opportunity” recognition prevents catastrophic obstruction.

Awake tracheostomy under local anesthesia is preferred in high-risk patients.

Tracheostomy planning should preserve the subsequent oncologic treatment strategy.

Extremely rare presentation of intrathyroidal parathyroid carcinoma.

Diagnosis often mistaken for primary thyroid neoplasm.

Most cases show hypercalcemia, few are normocalcemic.

En bloc resection ensures best long-term disease control.

This study is the first to propose a neuroinflammation hypothesis for stuttering.

Serum IL-1, IL-8, and TNF-α levels were significantly higher in stuttering children.

The immune system may have a potential role in the pathophysiology of stuttering.