The use of rigid and fiberoptic telescopic laryngostroboscopy is well established and each one presents advantages.

Seventy to 92% of patients with Parkinson's Disease present tongue, larynx, and pharynx disorders.

Patients unable to maintain regular voice production under the rigid approach can be evaluated using fiberoptic stroboscopy.

When both methods are technically feasible, the rigid telescope approach is preferrable due to providing greater anatomical detail.

FEES demonstrated a higher ability to diagnose pharyngeal residue, penetration, and aspiration compared with VFSS.

This exam was slightly better performance in detecting premature spillage.

There were no significant differences on the diagnostic performance of both tests.

The choice of test should depend on availability, team experience, and patient’s preference.

Combined arytenopexy, thyroplasty, and cricothyropexy improved voice in unilateral vocal fold paralysis.

All procedures were safely done under local anesthesia with sedation and no respiratory complications.

Functional outcomes were satisfactory or optimal, even in cases with posterior glottic gap.

Most patients resumed oral feeding post-op; aspiration and dysphonia were effectively corrected.

Long-term complications were rare and did not significantly impact vocal outcomes.

Localization of parathyroid in primary disease sometimes is a challenge to surgeons.

There are some methods available like scintigraphy with MIB and parathyroid ultrasound, but occasionally parathyroid would not be located.

The blood collection of internal jugular veins and dosage of PTH can be useful as a method for the localization of parathyroid in patients with primary disease.

The selective PTH collection from the jugular vein identified adenoma laterally in 75.86% of patients with primary hyperparathyroidism.

The minimally invasive parathyroidectomy is a procedure in which only the diseased parathyroid gland is removed.

PTH measurement collected from central jugular vein may allows the surgeon to quantitatively determine the excision of all hyperfunctioning parathyroid tissue more precisely.

Collections from peripheral and central sites were found to be effective in this study.

There is a tendency to use values collected from central sites, as they confirmed the ideal reduction in values following removal.

The most common complications were suture dehiscence and surgical site infections.

Tumor thickness >10 mm increased risk of complications.

Myocutaneous flap linked to higher complication rates.

High mGPS scores predicted worse postoperative outcomes.

MTCT had an impact on local recurrence on univariate (HR = 2.205;) and multivariate (HR = 1.851) analyses.

Disease-specific survival was also affected on univariate (HZ = 1.669).

The best predictor for compromised frozen sections was tumor depth of invasion.

MTCT is an important factor associated with poorer outcome, and treatment intensification should be considered.

The basal cell carcinoma metastases are a disease's late manifestation.

The main site of metastasis was the lymph nodes.

The main modalities of metastases treatment were surgery and radiotherapy.

The basal cell carcinoma metastasis is a rare manifestation of a frequent disease.

Clinical follow-up should include neck physical examination for all patients and imaging only if suspicion of distant metastasis.

Those who suffered bronchoaspiration had their survival rate reduced by 30%30 % in the first month, and only 29.6% of them survived the second month post-event.

Women were more vulnerable to clinical complications originating from the general health status decline as well as to acute pulmonary complications arising from sepsis, consequently presenting a greater reduction in survival.

It was observed difficulties in the diagnosis phase.

They experienced difficults on family support.

Who to seek and how to deal with post-treatment difficulties/sequelae.

There is no literature consensus about the better time to perform thyroidectomy in pregnant patients with thyroid cancer.

Surgery in the second trimester should be considered for the most severe cases, such as those that present lymph node metastasis or effective nodule growth within the first weeks of pregnancy.

In less severe cases, it is safer to perform thyroidectomy after delivery, decreasing the risks related to surgery to the patient and the fetus.

The absence of symptoms was associated with the absence of relapse (p < 0.001), especially pain.

A wholly oral diet at the last visit was a significant factor in the absence of relapse (p = 0.005).

Weight loss of 2.0% is an essential predictor of recurrence with statistical significance.

Dysphonia and vocal fatigue were referred by 72.22% and 33.3% of the patients.

Changes during laryngoscopy were verified in 94.44%.

The medians of the acoustic voice analysis and the VHI self-assessment questionnaire were unchanged.

The median of the VHI emotional domain was higher among patients who presented open phase closure, with statistically significant difference (p = 0.029).

Patients who received anesthetic infiltration had lower pain levels;

The pain dropped along the first postoperative day;

Local anesthetics can reduce the necessity of opioids postoperatively.

Vascularized lymphatic tissue from cervical levels appears to be a viable donor site for the microsurgical transplant treatment of lymphedema.

In this study, complete improvement in the measures of certain parts of the affected limb was observed in two of the five patients.

This method may yield promising future outcomes, constituting a new area of practice for head and neck surgeons.

36% of pediatric patients presented with permanent hypoparathyroidism.

Rate of vocal fold paralysis is 5% in this population.

Rate of complications are higher than the expected adult patients.

The proposed training model for practice of surgeons in percutaneous tracheostomy is feasible.

All responders concluded the training successfully.

It is a possible alternative to percutaneous tracheostomy training.

Ultrasonography is a useful tool for diagnosing head and neck diseases, and recently HN surgeons have incorporated it into their practice.

US examinations before surgery and during the procedure, just before the parathyroidectomy, were done by the HNS residents.

These exams accurately identified parathyroids in 81.25% of the patients with hyperparathyroidism with CKD.

Although this is a small casuistic (11 patients), the method is promising.

A total of 173 patients submitted to total thyroidectomy for substernal goiter mean diameter of the TI was 5679 mm2.

The distance below the TI ranged from 0.2 to 5 cm.

No significant association was found between diameter of the thoracic inlet and retrosternal goiter, demonstrating that RSG can be present regardless of the TI diameter.

Statistically significant association was observed between patients with larger thyroid volume and the likelihood of this tissue to extend to the thoracic cavity.

Strong positive correlation between tumor thickness and tomographic depth of invasion.

Positive correlation between tomographic tumor thickness and pathological tumor thickness.

Positive correlation between tomographic depth of invasion and pathological depth of invasion.

Tomographic evaluation of deep of invasion upstaged most of lesions.

No statistically significant differences were observed between success and failure groups for the percentage intraoperative decay levels, as well as for the PTH absolute values on the first postoperative day.

Subtotal parathyroidectomy is an effective and safe procedure for treating renal transplant parathyroidectomy.

PTH levels remain subjective and cannot be considered as a predictor of surgical success.

The tumor was more frequent in female, with an average age of 71.33 years.

The parotid gland was the predominant primary site (92.8%).

There was a significant prevalence in stages III and IVa.

Most received adjuvant treatment after surgery as the mainstay treatment option.

Oral feeding is usually offered after 7 days of surgery for uncomplicated cases without previous radiation therapy or extension of surgery to the hypopharynx.

The enteral feeding is kept up to 15 days for complicated cases, salvage surgery of pharyngolaryngectomy cases.

Patients offered oral feeding before the 10th day of surgery are discharged from the hospital within 14 days of surgery.

95% of the scars were classified as excellent or very good, Grade 0 or 1 in longer follow-up.

Age, sex, hypertension, diabetes, smoking and history of hypertrophic scars did not show any significant differences.

The cosmetic quality of scar improves with postoperative length of time.

The overall and disease-free survival was similar to those in high volume centers.

The complications rate were not different as described in high volume centers.

Oncological low volume centers presents with a equal local and regional recurrences rates.

Locorregional recurrence did not differed between both groups.

Overall survival between sentinel node biopsy and selective neck dissection group where not different.

Disease free survival between sentinel node biopsy and selective neck dissection group where not different.

The rate of Covid infection among staff members where the same among all centers.

The number of appointments decreased.

The number of surgeries decreased.

Tracheostomy is a frequent procedure in Intensive Care Units.

The ideal time to perform a tracheostomy is controversial but some laryngologists recommend it after 3 days of intubation, although most consider a limit of 2–3 weeks.

Tracheostomy at the bedside, with local anesthesia and sedation, is a safe procedure with results similar to those performed in an operating room, with lower costs, avoiding transporting critical patients to the operating room.

In this study with 598 patients, only 1.50% of the patients had complications and the most part was bleeding (six patients).

Supracricoid horizontal laryngectomy provides a high rate of deccanulation and swallowing.

It was commonest surgical procedure up to T3 supraglottic cancer.

14% of patients required total laryngectomy for poor functional status.

Knowledge about head and neck cancer is lacking.

It is necessary to introduce in the curriculum basic cancer education in biology classes.

The expansion of acquirements about cancer can provide better care and the ability to identify risk factors, initial signs, and symptoms of the disease, as well as the incorporation of healthy habits in families because these students can propagate valid information in their environment.

There is a disparity of terminology in the literature between ansa cervicallis and ansa hypoglossi.

This systematic review of 3731 articles proved that the term that best suits anatomical reality is “ansa cervicalis”.

This conclusion is based on the fact that the nerve fibers arise only from the cervical cord.

The authors also demonstrated that the term “ansa hypoglossi” should be avoided, in scientific research and clinical/surgical practice.

The rate of contralateral metastases in supraglottic cancer is low.

Routine bilateral neck dissection is not recommended when the other site is cN0.

We still consider bilateral neck dissection only for T4 lesions.